What Is Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs. These clots can partially or completely block blood flow. In some cases, a clot can break loose and travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism, which is a medical emergency.
DVT often develops when blood flow slows or pools, such as during prolonged immobility, after surgery, or due to underlying clotting disorders.
Common Causes of DVT:
- Prolonged sitting or bed rest
- Previous injury to a vein
- Recent surgery or trauma
- Family history of blood clots
- Smoking or certain medications
Signs & Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Some people with DVT have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Cramping or pain in one leg (usually starting in the calf)
- Swelling in one leg
- Warmth to the touch in the affected area
- Red or discolored skin on the leg
If these symptoms are present, prompt medical evaluation is important. Untreated DVT can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening complications.
How Is DVT Treated?
Treatment for deep vein thrombosis depends on the size of the clot, symptoms, and overall health. Care plans are individualized and may include:
- Compression stockings to improve blood flow
- Anticoagulant medications (blood thinners) to prevent clot growth
- Thrombolytic therapy – medication or minimally invasive procedures to break up clots
- Surgical intervention for complex or high-risk cases
The goal of treatment is to restore circulation, reduce complications, and prevent recurrence.